How He Turned a Free Google Doc into $1.2M + 18,000 Newsletter Subscribers

AUDIO - Olly Richards Interview on the Growth In Reverse Podcast with Chenell Basilio & Dylan Redekop
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Olly Richards: [00:00:00] People with big successful businesses in the greater economy, they don't tell you how their business works. I was desperate to see people with other businesses like mine and to understand how exactly they worked on the inside, but no one would ever talk about it. Whoever has the audience can do whatever they want.

The real cheat code for us as as business owners is brand. The world doesn't need another online business guru. It's a beast of a Google doc. But the Google doc itself did a very important thing, which was

Chenell Basilio: today on the show we have Olly Richards. Now Olly started off as a broke jazz musician until the age of about 28. He then got a real job, but realized quickly this wasn't for him either. So he started teaching people how to essentially learn a new language through his blog as a side hustle. Uh, that eventually turned into a very successful blog.

And business called Story Learning, which has done over $10 million in sales and now he's pivoted into a personal brand of sorts, which is kind of where we wanna take most [00:01:00] of this discussion. But Olly, welcome to the show. We're excited to have you here and, and talk through all of this. No, thank you.

Olly Richards: It's, it's, it's always, always fun to chat, so I can't wait.

Chenell Basilio: Amazing. Amazing. So we actually covered your, uh, Google Doc a few times in the Growth and Reverse newsletter. Um, this was something that kind of went viral in the creator space and. I don't know. Do you wanna give a background of like how that started for you? Like where that idea came from?

Olly Richards: Yeah, sure. So, I mean, as you said, I started story learning over 12 years ago now, and when I was 10 years in, so about two years ago, two and a half years ago, from when we are recording this, I.

Just kind of started to feel it's time that it's time for the next chapter. And I wanted to do something a bit different. And when I asked myself, you know, what, what, where is my career capital as Cal Newport would call it? You know, where do I have real value in what I, who I am and what I've done? And more and more it was just becoming apparent to me that it was my experience with business, with online business that really valuable.

To people because I just kept getting first friends and then other random people just coming and asking [00:02:00] for, for, for advice on things. So I thought, well, okay, I'm, I'm gonna move into this space and, um, you know, the world doesn't need another online business guru, so what am I gonna do differently? How do I avoid becoming like literally everyone else?

And I thought to myself, well, what have I actually done? What have I got? Well, what's, what have I got that other people don't? And it's, the answer was the business. It was story learning. I have this multimillion dollar business that I only work a few days a month in, and that is for most people, like a really good thing to aim for.

Most people will be quite, quite happy to have that as as a goal, as an aim. So I thought, well, why don't I just go full disclosure and just write about how the whole business works. Because I remember when I was just getting started, I was. Desperate to see other people, people with other businesses like mine, and to understand how exactly they worked on the inside.

But no one would ever talk about it. You know, you always had the gurus who were, you know, teaching various launch formulas and things, but I wanted to see how other people's businesses work. So, you know, I, I just, um, I, [00:03:00] I just went kinda full on into, full on sharing mode and just wrote 118 pages on exactly how my business worked.

And I think it was, it was that kind of, that, that. That depth and scale and kind of openness, which people seem to really, really appreciate and that's what kind of contributed to it getting shared around in lots of different places.

Chenell Basilio: Yeah, it's a, it's a beast of a Google doc. Let me tell you, this thing is like full on document.

Um, so. When we first covered it, this was back in September of 2024, it had gotten you about 12 and a half thousand subscribers, uh, made around 170 5K at that point. Um, and then more recently with this 30 days of growth challenge, we re kind of shared that. And now you said you made. 1.2 million from this Google Doc and about 18,000 subscribers.

Can you break down like how that works on the backend? Like how do you go from free 150 or so page Google Doc to $1.2 million? I mean, the,

Olly Richards: the Google Doc itself is, is, is. It's just marketing, right? So [00:04:00] the reason it's a Google doc rather than a, you know, PDF or, or, or a webinar, is simply because the kind of people that I'm aiming at, which are established business owners, they've seen it all before.

They know when they're being marketed to. They just want the information. They don't want the glass and the packaging. So I thought, well, let's just write it in a, in a Google and plain Google Doc words on the page, you, you live or die based on. On the words on the page, essentially. So that was just my particular angle.

But it, you know, it could have, I could have done it equally with a YouTube channel or a blog or, or a podcast or handing out flyers door to door. You know, there's many different ways to grow an audience. And I got the traffic. I mean, I wrote the Google Doc and I, and a lot of my list growth came from the virality of the doc.

That's true. It was fueled by buying ads. So I bought, I bought ads in lots of other people's newsletters. I ran some Facebook ads. I started the YouTube channel. So the traffic came from lots of different places. But the Google doc itself did a very important thing, which was establish me as, you know, someone who knows what they're talking about.

And that, that was the goal of the, of the Google Doc. And then, um, so I, I, quite quickly after I published it. Got people [00:05:00] reaching out to me asking for, and, and I think the reason that this happened organically was because, 'cause I didn't advertise this at all. It was just people emailing me. And I think the reason it happened was because it's just very difficult to find people in this particular space.

I, I don't really, I don't consider myself a creator. I'm not a creator, but the creator economies, I kind of useful. It's a useful example I think, which is that, you know, people with big successful businesses in the creator economy, they don't tell you how their business works. Like they might tell you about one product they've got, but they don't show you actually, how does the email marketing work?

How does the product ecosystem work? Like they don't go into that level of detail typically because their audience is not business people. Their audience doesn't want them to start talking about business. So I think because I got my positioning on point and I managed to attract the right audience, people naturally started reaching out to me for, for, for coaching.

And at, at first, I didn't even want to do it 'cause I'd never really done it before. But, but more and more it kind of got to the point where I. There were so many people that, that wanted help and, and I was, I was writing my newsletter after all to, to help people. So it seemed like a logical step. [00:06:00] So I, I started off by taking a few people as mentees.

I mean, I call it what I do, I call it more mentorship than, than, than than coaching because, you know, coaching is typically, you don't have to be the master to be the coach. You know, like whoever coaches, uh, Serena Williams wouldn't beat her at a tennis match, right? But they're a good coach. Whereas a mentor is someone who has actually done it before, been down that path, and can actually say to you directly, look.

Here's what I think you should do. If I were you, I would do A, B, C very, very directly based on experience. The first kind of, uh, a hundred k or so came from people just reaching out and me eventually saying yes. Once that's became established, I started to raise my prices on that a little bit. I made it clear in my emails and on my website that I offered that mentorship and so I started to get more people applying and you know, over the course of the last two years.

There've been people ranging from relatively, you know, modest sized businesses through to, you know, some of the biggest creators out there who, who I've worked with in various different ways. So the, the largest revenue stream has come from that mentorship. But then I also started to introduce more leverage things.

So I, I [00:07:00] wanted to, I wanted ways that people who couldn't afford the mentorship could work with me. So I opened a, uh, I ran a mastermind event in a castle in the uk, which was super fun. We had cocktails by the fire. And, um, it was like a legitimate castle surrounded by a golf, by a golf course. It was quite interesting.

That was a one-off event. So then I thought, well, I wanna do more of this 'cause this is fun. So then I, I started a, an annual mastermind, which was just eight people. It's quite small, but you sign up for the year, it was a bit more expensive. So that added a new, a new revenue stream as well. And then I started.

I started making some, some, some digital workshops and courses to, to, to kinda standardize the various different ways I was helping people and that provided the revenue source as well. So I'd say overall it's probably about, you know, 60% mentorship, 20% things, and another 20% digital products.

Chenell Basilio: That's interesting.

So you, you kind of hinted at, you didn't. You didn't want to start with coaching or do coaching when you wrote this Google Doc? I'm curious, like what, what did you envision it looking like?

Olly Richards: Yeah, I mean, so to be clear, I did eventually want to take the business into that area. Okay. And to work as to, to help entrepreneurs in [00:08:00] some way.

I just didn't expect it to happen so quickly. Got it. So, you know, when I grew story learning it was. It took us until we, we were at the seven figure market. It was like, you know, good five, six years. I, I really like building audience slowly and building audience. Well, it, you know, good things take time and I, and I wasn't in a rush 'cause I have my other businesses, so I didn't need a new revenue stream.

I, I, I kind of went into it with the attitude of, well I'll just, um, I'll build the audience 'cause my. Strongest belief in, in, in the internet world is that audience is supreme in terms of value. Whoever has, the audience can do whatever they want. So an investment of money and time in building that audience, I knew without a doubt that if I did, if I did nothing with it for three to five years, I'd have a seven figure business sort of ready and waiting the time that I chose to monetize it.

And so that for me was a great investment. It just, it just happened a lot quicker than I thought. So when people first started, um. Asking to work with me. I, I think there was a bit of imposter syndrome as well, to be honest, because I was like, yeah, okay, well I haven't done this before. Um, you know, I haven't charged people for, for help before.

Feels a bit weird. I'm not sure. Maybe [00:09:00] it's just easier to wait. Um, so there's a bit of that as well. But yeah, I I just didn't expect it to happen so quickly. That makes sense.

Dylan Redekop: As it as it is now, the Google doc is still kind of doing its thing. It's on your landing page for your, your Ollie richards.co website, but you're also writing a newsletter that that kind of leads into.

So can you talk to us a little bit about, because our audience is. Primarily people who write and operate newsletters. Just talk to us about maybe your philosophy or just how you've come up with the newsletter, the content. Um, this is kind of a loaded question, but I guess your general, uh, the way you operate your newsletter and what you, what you mean to get, or your main goal out of, of writing it.

Uh, and maybe just like how frequently you send it some, some, some of that information so we can kind of get a feel on your, uh, newsletter philosophy.

Olly Richards: It's very interesting actually. I, I had, um, I had a conversation about this. Exactly this earlier on today with, with a friend who is starting a new business and writes a, um, a kind of editorial newsletter.

You know, it's kind of a bunch of links. Um, the, his latest podcast, uh, you know, quotes that, that, that kind of thing that you see a lot of newsletters [00:10:00] doing that kind of thing and, um, and that, that can be fantastic. When we were talking about you, his positioning and what he was trying to achieve. He, he said very clearly, like, I wanna be the rebel in my space.

I wanna be the person who's like, tearing up the rule book, positioning myself against all the big players with a, you know, a real, with a hot take on everything and a, and a, a unique point of view. And so I asked him, like, the person who wants to be seen like that. Do they write out, do they, do they send an editorial newsletter with links and, and, and quotes and, and their latest podcast episode?

Is that what they send that, does that person send that? And he said, no. That, that person, that person sends like just stream of consciousness. Whatever's on my mind. I'm gonna write a quick email and fire it off, because that's what I've been thinking about today. And I just, I want you guys to know this.

And it might be incoherent, but this is just coming from my desk and this is me. And, and I, and I, and I agree with him completely and said, yeah, I think that's exactly what you should do, because that's, that is in reality with your positioning and the persona that you are, well, the persona that you, that you genuinely are, but also the persona that you want to get across [00:11:00] online.

And I very much take that approach with my, with my newsletter. So I see it as, you know, email, email, much like audience is king in, in terms of the value of the business. Email is king in terms of communication. I mean, there's nothing like it. And I've always taken the approach of trying to be that trusted friend in, in the inbox.

And what does your friend do? They don't, they don't, they don't send an email saying, Hey, I hope you're doing well today. Here are three things I wanted to take. Like, no, they just, it's like a one-liner or something. That's what a friend would, would write. And, and, and I want people to. The relationship I want to have, I'm trying to create a two-way relationship with, with my audience whereby they feel that I'm responding to them and if they email me back, like that has some kind of influence.

There's a conversation. They're, they, they're getting raw thoughts for me that are not wrapped in marketing speak or pimped up for, for, for consumption. I tried to really adopt that. And, um, you know, I can, I, I can send, I can send short emails with like two sentences in, or like massive long essays. It really is just kind of whatever I [00:12:00] see, whatever comes outta my, whatever trends I see, whatever I feel like talking about.

Um, but I try to keep it very, very casual, very, I. Very raw.

Dylan Redekop: And are you sending it, um, this raw casual email as a friend? Are you sending that weekly, are you gonna set cadence, uh, daily? How, how often are you publishing?

Olly Richards: I mean, I aim for three to five a week. I, I would send daily if I, if I, I mean, ideally I would be sending daily, at least Monday to Friday.

And I do from time to time if I'm, if I'm, um, you know, I wrote a series recently called How A seven Figure Business Dies and, um, it was like a six or seven part. Um, it's actually a lot more interesting. That sounds, it sounds really depressing, but it was actually quite interesting. No, it's, it's

Chenell Basilio: definitely interesting.

I,

Olly Richards: I, um, but I send that every day because it's like, it ends on a cliffhanger, right. And I'm trying to get, I'm trying to, I want people to come back like a, like a Netflix show. You know, people walk binge three Netflix shows a day every day. You know, why wouldn't they read an email? As long as it's interesting, but I, yeah, I go for like three to five a week.

Chenell Basilio: That's super interesting. So are you, have you always done three to five a week with this personal brand list, email list?

Olly Richards: Uh, no, actually not. So for the first, [00:13:00] the first six to 12 months, actually, maybe even 12 months, I actually sent one a week and I, I, I took the approach of having one really long. Like essay almost on one particular topic.

And it could be like two, 3000 words and I would write it and I would spend hours and hours editing and I wanted to be perfect. I think that was mostly, I think I was almost a bit, a bit overly impacted by the gravity of my case study actually, because it was such a big document. I thought, well, I, I want everything to my, everything I send to be equally.

Um. Impressive and grand and, but I, I had a sort of, I had to sort of check myself after, after six, 12 months or so, and, and I just reminded myself that the, the, there, there is a strong undeniable correlation in any online business between the number of emails you send and the amount of money you make.

That is across the board. And, you know, for so many businesses who have an email list and have something to sell, if the only thing you do is send more emails. I guarantee you 100% you'll make more money immediately. And, and I just kinda had a reality check [00:14:00] with that. And what, what, what am I doing? I'm spending like five, 10 hours writing these massive essays.

But actually what matters with email and with relation with online relationships is frequency and consistency. So I, I think I'm gonna be much better off just, just going completely the other way. Making it very casual, very stream of consciousness. Very, very raw, but sending more of it. And yeah, it, it was, I mean, you know, almost immediately since I started, um, doing that, I started to get a lot more applications to work with me.

I had a lot more product sales, so yeah, I, I had a big shift. About a year in,

Chenell Basilio: without potentially going way too deep into, into this. I'm curious how you think about those three to three-ish emails a week, because I see you're doing some cross promotions, you have, um, some callbacks to blog posts from the past or case studies.

Um, I'm curious like how you think about the cadence and like the variety of the emails that you're sending.

Olly Richards: Yeah, absolutely. So most, so there, there are some things which are kind of fixed. So for example, I do like list swaps with, with people and, um. There are [00:15:00] times when you want to promote other people's stuff.

Like so for example, when I, when I was in your 30 days of growth special newsletter or Yeah,

Chenell Basilio: like a popup newsletter. A popup newsletter. That's it. Yeah.

Olly Richards: When I, when I was in that, um, you know, 'cause you're kind enough to feature me dedicated one email to sending people to that and, um, and some, and. So that's like a swap, I guess.

And so I, I, I, I often do like a swap email, like maybe once a month with, with people who have a, who have similar lists. And that's just a great way to grow your list in general. So there's, so there's that. If I put out a YouTube video, I might send an email out to let people know about that. Um, if I'm, if I'm doing a webinar, obviously I'll send emails out about that.

So there are certain emails that support. Events that are happening in the business. But other than that, generally what I'm doing is I, so I use, I, I have a Kanban board of Topics and I, so in, in the first, so a Kanban board for anyone who doesn't know is like Trello. So, you know, you have a, you have different, um, different columns and then you have cards and you move them from one card, from from one column to the next when they're at different stage.

So I have, my first [00:16:00] column is like 250 ideas. For emails, and I have a app on my watch, which I love called, uh, epiphany that my friend Troy made. And basically I touch it, I speak the idea into the watch, and that sends it automatically through to my Trello board. And so I just had like this ballooning board of ideas.

Um, and then in the morning I have writing time every morning. So I come, I get up about six, I walk downstairs, make a strong coffee, sit down, and then I have a, a writing process it like 30 to 60 minutes or so in the morning. What I do there is I spend about seven minutes, seven to 10 minutes urging. I pick an idea that I wanna write about and I just write really quickly for about seven to 10 minutes just to get it out on paper.

Then I'll move that across to the next column, and I'll do the same thing for I. The next idea. So I might get like 3, 4, 5 emails out in really rough draft formats. And this is based on the principle that, that the quantity is the reality. So you, when great artists make studio albums, they don't just set out to write eight amazing songs.

They write [00:17:00] 20 songs, 30 songs, and then they pick their favorite eight. That's what ends up in the final album. Similarly, I might write drafts of 10, 20 emails and four or five will actually make it through to a later stage where I think, yes, there's something here. This is quality. I think this is interesting.

Let's actually flesh this out into a proper email, and I do it in these, in like seven minute rounds and I optimize for kind of coming back, coming back to the email multiple times. That's always better than trying to sit down and write one email head to toe. In one sitting. 'cause you just, you just, you're just better when you're fresh.

I kind of just work through ideas that way. Um, and, and, and, and, and build, you know, get ideas out. Um, and, and then the good ones make it, make it out. And they, they're, but they're always just, you know, they come from my head. Things that I'm interested in. If I'm running a mastermind event, for example, and a certain topic comes up, an event the other day, for example, most common theme was entrepreneurs who were sort of stuck in the operations of their business.

Even though if they had a team of like five or six people, they couldn't get themselves out enough. To be able to get some space and work on strategy and work [00:18:00] on the business. So that's gonna become a series of emails at some point, because I've noticed it's an issue and I want to write about it. So yeah, that, that was a very in-depth

Chenell Basilio: explanation.

No, I like it. I like it, uh, explanation. I've never heard someone explain their process like that. I, that's interesting. Um, and I feel like there's something to the series of emails that you're kind of alluding to. Uh, you talked about the how does a seven figure business die and then this potentially the operations one.

I think that's. That's interesting. Um, and it gives yourself enough space to like think about one topic in that series and then move on to the next, the next day. Like you don't have to fully flesh out this huge piece. You can just kind of piecemeal it together, if you will. Yeah.

Olly Richards: Although I actually find that these are best written in advance because, so Okay.

I, um, I learned email. I learned email from the great Andre Chaperone and he teaches. A kind of similar approach whereby you have a series of emails, so it could be like five, 10 emails in a series, and they all work to one purpose, which would be to align your frame of mind with a certain product or a certain [00:19:00] outcome of some kind, and you'd serialize these emails and you have cliffhangers, and it would leave from one to the next.

Anyway, he's a huge advocate. What he taught me was. He was a huge advocate for writing all of these emails out and actually having all the emails on screen, like in long, thin columns. If you imagine the kind of tiling emails across your, across your screen horizontally. Um, and then so you can see them side by side because you know the, the, the great writing happens in the editing, right?

Stephen King says, so if you. You can write a fantastic email, number one, but what happens if you tell too much of the story and then you, by the time you get to email two or three, you're like, oh, that said too much. But I, I can't go back and edit it now 'cause I've already sent the damn thing. So it's much better to kinda write the whole thing and, and, and then edit it.

And that, that gets a far better result in my experience.

Dylan Redekop: And so when you're, when you're planning those, um, those emails with that frame of mind that you'd mentioned that kind of Andre had taught you, is that how you. Kind of weave in offers and services, or, I'm just curious how your newsletter and how you kind of intertwine your stories and your personal [00:20:00] anecdotes and things you want to get off your chest with like, oh, by the way, I can help you build your business or your to coach you on your online business.

Okay.

Olly Richards: Yeah. No, I, I don't, I don't, I keep that all separate. I mean, almost all of my email is just content and then I'll have, um, I'll have. You know, links in the, in, in the footer, you know, so, um, apply to work with me or like check out my YouTube channel or, or, or, or, or whatever. I do very little direct pitching of, Hmm, well, I don't pitch my mentorship stuff at all.

I do if I'm releasing a digital product or a workshop, I will write a promotional sequence for that.

Dylan Redekop: Yeah.

Olly Richards: Just like any product launch, you know, my general approach to that is always, Hey, step number one, write a really good, interesting email. That's useful. Step number two, add a link at the end of it. But like, I, I very rarely send an email that's just like, Hey, I've got this thing to sell.

Here's how it works. Go, go and buy it. I'm, I'm always sending value based stuff, but part, but, but then at story learning, we do things very differently, right? Because it's, that's a B2C brand. You know, for B2C stuff, typically you need to sell more and explain to people why things are, why their thing is right for you.

Sorry, why your thing is right for them. But [00:21:00] again, just to go back to what I was saying earlier about. Uh, positioning and the need to maintain that positioning very carefully in, in my business brand. Like if I just, if I sell too much, um, it's just, that's not the, the role I want to have in, in, in the consciousness of my audience.

I wanna be seen as, as the authority, as the person who's giving and who's helping. And, and so I, I'm quite protective of that.

Dylan Redekop: So what would you say your, the job of your newsletter is? The number one job

Olly Richards: to build relationships and to position myself as the authority and, you know, to to, to the point where, I mean, so, so many, so a, a lot of, for example, a, I've had quite a lot of people who have applied to work with me or join my mastermind who have said, look, I've already made so much money from just implementing an idea from your case study.

Now, I just, I, I, it's almost like a, a given that I, that I want to do the next step, take the next step in this particular space with this particular thing that I'm trying to do, I find it's best to. Position yourself in that authoritative way and just let, let everything else happen naturally downstream of that th right.

This is not necessarily a good [00:22:00] strategy for other businesses. I just wanna be clear. But, but the, the, the kind of guru space is so swamped with that. It's super important to be, to be different, uh, to be totally different to everyone else. I think there's a

Dylan Redekop: lot of value in

Olly Richards: that

Dylan Redekop: standing out.

Olly Richards: Yeah. This is something that, you know, Ben Settle, um, I always remember this from, from his, from his teaching, which is that now the easiest way.

To get noticed, provide value is to do the opposite of what everyone else is doing. Mm-hmm. Because the, the, the, um, you know, the online world is so copycat ish that, you know, you, you get on some, on, on someone's newsletter, it's the same as everyone else's. You get on Instagram, some someone's Instagram, it's the same as every other inst.

Everyone's just just models everyone else. Yeah. Even the big YouTubers. You just, if you line up their thumbnails, they've all got identical videos, identical thumbnails. They're all just modeling each other. It's so depressing and it's all just done in servitude to the algorithm. Again, like my thinking on that, how do we exit the equation altogether and do something completely different?

It's as long as you've. Got the fundamentals there in terms of the, the reality of what you write about, it's hard to go wrong. [00:23:00]

Chenell Basilio: Yeah. I think there's a, a, a tough balance between creating the content you wanna create and creating what's going to potentially go viral or whatnot. If you're playing the YouTube or LinkedIn game, um, it's, it's a struggle, like to find that balance.

So, yeah, I mean, you could even look at any of the courses that YouTubers all teach you. It's like. Use these tools to see what's actually working and model that and do that thing. And it's like, ah, it's so frustrating. It's like, how do we get out of this?

Olly Richards: Yeah, this circle. Well, I mean, the easiest way to get out of that is to know your numbers.

So if you're a YouTuber, for example, bet my house on the fact that your videos with the most views are not the videos that get you the most leads and are certainly not the videos that get you the most customers because the videos that go viral are very, very top of funnel, broad appeal. And they'll get millions, hundreds of thousands, millions of views.

But no one will opt into your lead magnet and no one will buy from you because you are, you are getting in lots of, lots of, lots of random people, but people dunno their numbers. And so they see those, these, these, these big metrics that the social media companies want to get you hooked on so that you keep coming back and creating more and [00:24:00] making them more money.

People get hooked on these bit, on the, on these kind of headline numbers, but if you learn to track properly. Then you can track exactly how many email leads you get from which specific videos and which of those lead to sales. And the higher ticket you go with your, um, with your offerings, the more important that is and is often the case that the videos with the lowest views actually make you like 10 times the most money.

Because, because ch chances are on those videos with low views, you actually went in depth on something and you did something that you care about a little bit more. So you attracted the right people even though there weren't so many.

Chenell Basilio: Totally. I've been seeing, um, ed Lawrence as a guy on YouTube, he's been making some videos about, he used to run film booth and then he left that to do something different.

Um, and his. His channel, like his videos get less views now, but he's like, I'm making six times so much money.

Olly Richards: Exactly. Yeah. It's a paradox, but it's, I mean,

Chenell Basilio: all the beginners just see the huge numbers and they're like, I follow that guy because that's what I want, and they don't think about the backend, so I love that you're taking a [00:25:00] different approach.

Olly Richards: Yeah. It's that same thing of like, you know, you don't see what goes on behind other people's businesses. Right. That's kind of why I. The, the case study that I wrote was why I took that, the approach I did, because if we could all see inside each other's businesses, we'd do things very, very differently.

Chenell Basilio: So you wrote, you wrote that long Google Doc, and then you also put out, um, a workshop essentially called the Seven Figure Marketing Stack.

Yeah. Um, which details like how all of these pieces work together and you're essentially building like a flywheel of sorts and you were kind enough to give that to mm-hmm. Growth and reverse pro members. So I really appreciate it. Um, of course. I was laughing 'cause you called it a workshop, but it was like 13 hours of content.

I was like, this is a course ally.

Olly Richards: Yeah, yeah, yeah. I probably should have called it a, a course. Yeah.

Chenell Basilio: But it was, it was fascinating just to watch through. Um, you talk about so many different things and like meta content versus. Versus teaching content. And just like, I thought that was a fascinating concept.

Um, kind of takes us away from what I was just mentioning, but if you wanna explain that, go for it.

Olly Richards: Oh, the meta [00:26:00] versus teaching thing?

Chenell Basilio: Yeah.

Olly Richards: Yeah. So I, I should just put out a YouTube video on exactly this. So, um, so if we wind, wind the clock back, uh, 12 years or so, I, I just started my language blog and I released my first product, so 2014, something like that.

And it was called, so I, so my business was all about teaching people languages and I released this product. That was called language learning foundations, how I learn languages. So here's what I do every day. So here's how I choose textbooks, here's how I set up my flashcards, here's how I memorize words.

Um, you know, find people to practice speaking with. It's all the meta stuff. What it wasn't, I. Was, uh, like a Spanish textbook. You know, if you walk into, into Barnes and Noble, go to the Spanish section, you'll find Spanish in 90 days, and it's got all the words nor the grammar. There was none of this in my course, it was just how to, and a friend of mine pointed out, uh, you know, some, sometime later, you know, only the, the, the problem is that people like you and me, we are systems thinkers, which means we, we actually look beneath the surface and we ask, how are things done?

How do you [00:27:00] build a business? Like, what's the, what's the theory? Well, how, how does it actually work? We think in terms of system, most people though. I'm not systems thinkers. It's maybe like maximum 10, 20% of the population are systems thinkers. Most people, hey, just can you just teach me the thing? And so I started to think, actually, yeah, so I'm there building my business around this course on, on, on like how to learn a language.

I. What I really, what what people really want, if I'm being honest about what the wider market really wants, what they're thinking is the conversation. The great Joe Sugarman angle, you know, what's the conversation that's going on in their mind? The conversation that's going on in their, in their mind is, uh, I think I wanna learn Spanish.

Who's got a Spanish course for me? So what I needed to do was to give them the Spanish course, like really simple, like Spanish day one, do this, learn this word, you know, you know, um, listen to this thing step by step. And so from that point on, I built out all of the how-to courses. So in each language now we have like between four to six levels that progress from beginner to advanced.

And it's, it's, it's that. So what I used to teach was [00:28:00] the meta stuff. What I now teach is the instructional stuff. A lot of teachers make this mistake. A lot of educators make this mistake because as an educator you are typically, you know, your topic inside out and you know that it's not enough to just pick up a how to.

Coding for dummies or whatever in the, in the in, in the bookstore. But know you need to understand a lot more than that. You need to really study your field. Um, if you want to learn this, well, you all these concepts, you've gotta know, like it's not enough just to paint by numbers. And so we, us as educators, we fall into this trap of teaching all of these.

Nuances and theories because we know that this is the real key if you want to become great at it. In reality, all that most people want is teach me step by step what to do. Just tell me what to do. And so one of the biggest kinda unlocks for a lot of people is if, if, you know, if you're, if you're listening to this and you know that you teach this meta stuff, this systems thinking stuff, then it could be a huge unlock for your business to ask, you know, [00:29:00] what would it look like if I actually taught the thing?

And that that can completely transform your business. I, if you are not a natural teacher, maybe you are not a trained expert and you are, you have a bit of imposter syndrome over doing it yourself. Go and partner with someone, find an expert and, and, and, and, and offer to, to pay them to create the product.

Lots of people do it, do it in that way, but I. You will find that you unlock like 80% more market for the thing that you're selling because you are actually giving people what they want.

Chenell Basilio: That's so interesting. Um, there's a lot to that. I'm curious, are you thinking about these things and like teaching and even just content in your newsletter differently with ai?

Like, I know it's, it's definitely gonna change certain things and Sure. We've had a bunch of courses before and now we can just go to chat GPT and ask it a question and probably get 90% of the answer. So I'm curious how, how you think about that. Yeah, I mean I think it's, I

Olly Richards: think anyone who tells you that they know for sure is, you know, I, I'm very skeptical of people who have supreme confidence around AI and where it's going and how to use it, because it's just, it's just changing every day.

So I, I think, I dunno, [00:30:00] I, I'm thinking of it in a case by case basis mostly, and it, it does change from, from vertical to verticals. In the language learning space, for example, it's been turned on its head because, whereas previously if you wanted to practice French, you had to go and pay someone on a, on a.

Due to marketplace to speak with you in French for an hour and it costs you like $30 or something. Now you can fire up a AI language app and practice speaking French to very, very high reality for free $30 a month or something like that. So it's completely changed and is in the process of completely transforming the industry.

But for the most part, and especially in anything that's not kind of text-based process, anything that's te text-based processing is, has been or is getting upended. But for the most part, you know, all that AI can really do is just speed things up and make things more efficient. But you still need that reality control at either end.

And you know, when I, I, I have a, one of my most popular courses is, um, an AI writing course, which is like how to, I mean, everyone's saying these things now, but really there's some time ago after banging my head against a brick wall for 12 months with Claude to try and get it to write like me. I cracked it in the [00:31:00] end.

Um, and, but one of the principles. That I, that I realized was really important for most AI stuff is all 10 80 10 principle that I borrowed from Dan Martel's, um, time management book. It's the idea that the first 10% is input that you have to give, you have to engineer the prompt, you have to provide the material, you have to give it direction.

80% of the task is then done by the ai, but then you still need to come back for that final 10%, add the nuance to make it your own, to check for errors, to, to, to do all of these things. So, you know, I, I, from what I'm seeing is that for the most part. Especially in, in online business. It it's that, that thing that everyone's been saying for years now, like, you're not gonna lose your job to ai, you're gonna lose your job to a smart person with ai.

I, that's, that's pretty much what I see. What do you guys think? Have you seen anything different?

Chenell Basilio: I, I agree with you. I think, uh, if anything, it's just gonna, I. Change how courses are delivered. Maybe not completely get rid of them, I think I still think there's importance of learning how a specific person does something and how they think about it.

Like, I don't know, just two different people will have two completely different teaching styles and ways of [00:32:00] going about things. So I think AI can't just like. Generically give you an answer on that. Um, I just think it's going to enhance learning and make it more like back and forth if you will. Like, almost more like a conversation than a static course.

But I don't know. Yeah, it gives

Olly Richards: a lot more optionality for sure. You know, the ability to actually, if you have an an if you, if you, if you've been asked to come up with an answer to something, well, you don't just have to guess if it's right or not. You can interrogate the, the topic with, with ai go back and forth and ask questions.

Um, but yeah, I mean, specifically for the course thing, I do think that. What that means for us as business owners, like one, one, the kind of, to state the obvious, you've gotta evolve, you have to learn how to, how to implement AI in what you do, for sure. Both in the, in your product, but also in marketing. But I think the real, the real, the real cheat code for us as, as business owners is brand.

Because, you know, in a world where the value of information has gone to zero, you can find information on french verbs from a friend in Paris, from chat GPT, or from your. Your textbook, textbook on yourself, like [00:33:00] information is openly available to everybody in that world. Who do you go to when you want to learn something?

And the answer is the person that you know, like, and trust. And so that's where brand comes in. Um, and that's partly why I decided to, from story learning, I. To this personal brand because I felt that whatever's going on, um, the personal brand is always gonna be because, because people will follow you for, for being you.

Mm-hmm.

Chenell Basilio: So I guess going back to your personal brand, how are you, I mean, initially you had paid ads running, you were doing sponsorships and other newsletters. Are those things still all happening, or have you changed your growth? Yeah. Or even are you even focusing on it?

Olly Richards: Yeah, absolutely. So, so I, I still run a lot of ads.

Um, spend tens of thousands a year on, on, on, on, on ads. It's, I've done a lot of newsletter advertising. I'm, I'm just actually this week launching a book funnel, so I'm taking my, uh, case study and turning it into a free plus shipping, uh, book funnel we're launching in the UK to begin with, but then it will probably come across the pond at some point.

So. You know, because since the case study was so popular, I thought, well, that [00:34:00] makes sense to lead with as a marketing campaign. So we've turned it into a, you know, paperback book and it's, that's. That's gonna go out, you know, through regular, uh, Facebook advertising. Yeah. But I mean, the stuff I've been doing on the paid side has been working really well.

So I've been, I, I've been mostly recently kinda behind the scenes focused on, on, on product. You know, I, I've built an audience of about 20,000 people. I just don't have much to sell. That's, that's, that's the problem. So, you know, a lot of, um, this happens a lot with creative type businesses actually, where people can build massive audiences through their newsletter or through, you know, YouTube or whatever, but they just don't have enough of a product ecosystem to actually fully monetize that.

So I'm in that kind of, in that phase. Now. I've got, I've got. I've managed to build a fairly good audience. The challenge for me is kind of how to, how do I want to turn this into a business? I mean, do I want to, there, there's a lot to be done. A lot of people who I think I can help. Uh, so I'm kind of, that, that's the opportunity for me right now is how do I do this in a, in the best way.

Chenell Basilio: I'm with you. Yeah. Audience, audience came fairly quickly. Uh, so he, he's

Olly Richards: done [00:35:00] an amazing job with the audience. I mean, the, the reach of your newsletter is incredible.

Chenell Basilio: Thank you. Um, yeah, so I'm just trying to figure that out, like have the, the community now and then trying to figure out what the, the other ecosystem looks like.

So I'm excited to, uh, continue going through your, your course, but yeah,

Dylan Redekop: I have a quick question. Um, something that you mentioned that I haven't forgotten since you spoke to us in, in the, uh, pro community, and that was about what you called, I think, a self-liquidating flywheel. With your seven figure marketing stack.

Yes. Yeah. So I think that that kind of, it was like this light bulb that was always probably there. I just realized it wasn't, it was, it was on the whole time, but I just finally looked at it. Um, could you. It, it just like kind of blew my mind a little bit. So could you maybe talk about a little bit how you're funding, I think you're using kind of the, I won't give it all away, but you're using some of this, the funds from this, the seven figure marketing stack to help fund your paid gross.

Olly Richards: Yeah, so more so, so this, that particular marketing course, that was the first course I, I made, I've got over, over 10 now. I've got about 10 or 12 [00:36:00] workshops and courses on different things from like, you know, financial mindset, business models, online business models, through to all you, all kinds of different things.

So this is, this is a fairly standard model in the coaching industry and the way it works is you go out and you buy ads and you mostly run lead gen ads. Um, you could have a cheap product, but you know, lead gen ads are fairly common. Now obviously, you've, you've then paid for those leads, right? You might be paying two, five, $10.

So the question is, well, how do I add costs? I, I can't just. Don't wanna just lose that money, make that money back. So I can go and then buy more ads and increase my audience even more. So the kind of the, the really simple model to say, well, okay, I'm gonna get, I'm getting these, I'm going out and I'm advertising, I'm offering a lead magnet, I'm getting leads to come in, and then I could just sell my coaching and that way I'll make the money back.

And if you're selling high ticket stuff, that's super easy to do with paid ads, right? You might, you might spend, um, $5 on a lead. $250 on a customer, but then you make 5,000 back on, on, on the backend for, for example, just plucking numbers out, out of thin air. But the problem with that is that you are now [00:37:00] to, to continue to spend on advertising your, your personal time is now being used, right?

So you can, you pay to get leads in you coaching your setting coaching to those leads. So the growth of the business is dependent on your time. So you could 10 x your ad spend, even if you're really profitable, you could 10 x your ad spend. Get 10 x more leads in. Mm-hmm. But can you 10 x the time that you are available for coaching?

Probably not. And so the, the approach instead is to say, well, let's use digital products to recoup that ad spend. So you go and you spend $5 on a lead. That lead comes in, you then offer a $50 workshop or a hundred dollars workshop. And what you're aiming for is to get to a point where. The digital products that you sell cover all of your ad costs, so now you are, you are able to pay for all of your ads, your at break even, or even making a bit of a profit.

The advantage of that is now you've got a lot more leads coming in. You can raise the prices of your coaching because you have more demand and everything that you do in your coaching. Is now profit and you don't have to spend any of that to [00:38:00] cover the ad. And so that's the model that I use in, in my business brand, which is I use digital products to cover all of the ad spend.

So I, you know, all of the, you know, 20,000 odd leads I've got in, have been paid for through digital products and workshops and things like that, which means that the, you know, the million odd that I made through the mentorship and the masterminds and all that, I, I just get to keep it.

Chenell Basilio: That

Olly Richards: is cool. But it's a big deal, you know, because you see a lot of, there's, there's a lot of, you see a lot of online business models where, you know, the people are running 20, 30% net margins.

And I think that's a big problem for an online business because as you ask, as entrepreneurs, we tend to be quite undisciplined with spend. And, you know, you, you hire new people and you spend money on this fancy software and before you know it, you know, you make a. The number of people I know who make a million top line, but only keep, you know, 300,000 of that.

And then after they've paid a salary, after they paid their mortgage and salaries for themselves and their partner, they've maybe got like 50 grand left at the end of the year. Like that's not a lot to show for a million in revenue. So, but it's all the fault of the business model. [00:39:00] Because if you design your business model properly, then you know, you, you, you should be able to keep large amounts of what you, of what you make.

And, you know, for me personally, an online business should be an online education business. Like the kind of thing that we do really should be work, should be aiming to make 40 to 50% margins. At, at, at the least 30, 30% Margins are fine if you're gonna really reinvesting heavily in growth because that will pay off later, further down the line.

But, you know, the natural sort of resting place for the, for margins for online businesses really should be 40, 50%. That's

Chenell Basilio: so interesting. I'm curious, so you're spending a lot on paid ads. Um, how, how are you thinking about like cleaning the list? Like are most of those people sticking around a while? Are you often cleaning your list from those or some?

Olly Richards: I don't actually clean my list at all. Okay. I, um. I think the whole list cleaning thing is a bit overblown because I think what you've gotta remember is, so it is definitely the case that if nobody opens your emails and nobody clicks your emails, then you'll, your domain reputation is gonna go down. But you've gotta remember that in the wider industry you are up against like the kind of, you know, Hilton [00:40:00] Honors.

Or like Southwest Water or whatever us sort of sending you emails about, you know, just updates on our, on our GDPR policy. And, you know, you know those emails that you get from these big, you know, travel companies and you just, you don't even, you just just straighten the bin, right? Yeah. And these guys are sending millions of emails a month and they're all completely useless.

So those guys need to clean their list. People, people like us who have audiences who are really engaged. You know, if you, if you're getting 40, 50% open rates, uh, which is kind of a fuzzy metric, but it's a good in, I tell you something for sure, the Hilton Honors are not getting 50% open rates on their, on their GD 50, you know.

And the kind of the big internet marketers who are, you know, I remember Russell Brunson telling me they have a 5% open rate on their email. Wow. He just spends millions on ads, blasts the hell out of, um, them with email, which is, it's a strategy. It's completely valid. It works well for him, but he's 5% open rates on his email.

People like that need to clean their need to clean their list. But people doing what we do, it's not an issue. As long as, as long [00:41:00] as. If you wanna check how, how, how, how healthy your email list is, go and open a blank Gmail account with a, with a brand new address. Add yourself to your autoresponder or to your email software, that new email address, and then send yourself an email.

See what folder it lands in. If it lands in spam or promotions or social, something needs fixing. But if it lands in primary, you're good. You don't need to worry about gaining your list. People will naturally unsubscribe and you, you know, you'd be amazed how often you send out a promotion and um, you know, someone who hasn't opened an email for two years will see.

That's that cool subject line you wrote. Open and buy. It happens all the time. So, um, that's how I think about it.

Chenell Basilio: So interesting. Um, wow. Yeah, I guess, I guess from my perspective, like I have a bunch of people coming from recommendations and that kind of thing, so I clean those pretty heavily. Um, but I think other than that, it's just like every once in a while.

So I guess it also depends on where they come from.

Olly Richards: I think that, I think, yeah, because in my case. There is a, there's a high barrier to, to [00:42:00] opting into the list, right? They have to see an ad, they have to click on the ad, they have to enter their email, uh, and, and all. So they have to take a lot of proactive steps.

The issue with co-registration, so like, you know, the ConvertKit network, spark Loop, things like that is just like, it's just,

Dylan Redekop: mm-hmm.

Olly Richards: People are signing up to your list, they don't even know who you are. They don't even want to, they just click the button on a whim. And it's quite dangerous actually, because you can end up with a lot of people on your list.

Again, we talked about headline numbers earlier. We can fall in love with the, uh, list growth and all of that. But if you look at the stats that I've seen, and it does vary from space to space for sure, but stats that I've seen suggest that the value of a, of a co, of a, of an email subscriber from co-registration can be up to 20 times less.

That of a, an organic subscriber In terms of, in terms of actually how much money they spend?

Chenell Basilio: Yeah. So

Olly Richards: if an average, if an average, if an average buyer who finds you organically spends a hundred dollars, someone from Co-Reg will spend five. So I think there, there's a, there's a much better argument for scrubbing those people from your list.

I was

Chenell Basilio: when you said you don't clean your list. I was like, [00:43:00] but now that makes sense. Um, yeah. If someone's using like recommendations and that kind of thing, I highly recommend cleaning at least that segment of your list.

Olly Richards: Yeah, no, for sure. I mean, but again, it's all context specific, right? So I mean, my whole model is low volume, very, very high touch, high intent.

Yeah. Um, that's what you have to be with a high ticket. With a high ticket model at Story Learning, we do clean our list a couple of times a year because we have a lot more people. Yeah.

Dylan Redekop: For your Ollie Richards personal brand, what does your team look like for that? Is it just you?

Olly Richards: I have a, I have a, I have an EA and you know, I, and I make use of service providers, so I have a guy who's doing my social media at the moment.

Just managing the scheduling and posting. It's a freelancer and I'm using an agency to help me build my book funnel. But yeah, it's just me.

Chenell Basilio: So I know we're coming up on time. Um, I'm curious, I have one kind of larger question. So do you have anything that you see a lot of creators doing or. Online course creators, that kind of thing.

Um, see what you see them doing that you think is a mistake or something that they could turn into a bigger opportunity.

Olly Richards: Ooh. A lot of [00:44:00] things. A lot of, a lot of things to be honest with you. That's a loaded question. How should I answer this? There's so many different ways to answer this. Um, think that.

There's been a real decline, basic knowledge of like internet marketing, best practice. So a lot of people that I see figure out a way to make money somehow. You know, for example, growing an Instagram account and then selling cohorts to teach something specific, but they don't use email. They've never taken a copywriting course in their life.

They're landing pages of atrocious. They only send emails when they wanna promote a course, and even then it's like one email. And that's it. There's no testing of, uh, of landing pages. There. There are no, there are no email auto automations. They haven't one, and then someone buys that product. There's nothing else for the customers to go onto next.

And all of these things kind of fall under the umbrella of like just basic direct response internet marketing. And you know, back in the day when I first got started, you had to know this stuff because. Because you couldn't, like, the traffic wasn't being like freely [00:45:00] dished out on YouTube and Instagram like it is today, right?

So you had to go and pay for your leads. You had to hustle to get them, and so you wanted to make sure that when you got an email. When you've got someone on your landing page, you wanted to make sure they're opting in at 50% or 60%, and if they were opting at 30%, that's a problem. Let's split, let's test the headline.

Let's see if we can get that rate up and then, um, you know, let, let's, um, you know, we, we want to, we want to create, um, recurring revenue, so let's make sure. That we have strong email funnels, which are, which are well written at that, that sell to new leads on, um, on autopilot. We know through as di as direct response people that however much money you make on the front end with what you offer, there's as much to be made on the backend.

If you have customers, try to get more customers. What we should do instead is figure out what the next thing is for your existing customers to go and do. Because then you can just sell to them and you don't even have to get any more customers 'cause they're already there. That can double your business overnight.

And so, you know, I I, it's, it's really hard to pick one thing because I just, like in general, I just come across this real lack of [00:46:00] understanding of kind of basic just business theory. And, and in a way it makes sense because, you know, the creative economy has sprung up as something for everybody that everyone can do.

And that's what's great about it. We've kind of democratized. Reach and it, we reward creativity. It means it's a wonderful thing, but it does just, just does mean that we have this entire generation of, of people working online who don't, who dunno the fundamentals. So, um, you know, I would, I would say on, in a, in a general sense, like go and study copywriting, take copywriting courses, go and learn.

Digital marketing do these things and what you will. I mean, for me, copywriting is like the mother skill. To be a copywriter, to be a good copywriter means understanding all elements of the business. You have to understand the customer journey. You have to understand the off the avatar. You have to understand pricing and offer.

You have to understand, you know, front end backend. You have to understand average order value, uh, upsells, all of these things gone completely around the houses. I'm going to answer your question by saying learn copywriting. Mm-hmm.

Chenell Basilio: I love that answer. That's such a good one. And I, [00:47:00] I see this, 'cause when I started in the online space in like 20 13, 20 14, like there were so many webinars happening and all this stuff, and people in the creator space don't even do that.

For the most part, they're, it's like very. It's a lost skill, even just in the sense of like webinars and like promoting your stuff in that, in that way. So, um,

Olly Richards: you know, you know, about a year ago I saw a very well-known, uh, internet personality shut down his business. And, um, he was very, he was very vocal about this on Twitter, so it's, it's hardly a, it's, there's no need to mention who it is, but the, what he said was something along the lines of.

You know, we've been running our kind of cohort based business now for three or four years. It was super successful, but we just can't make it work anymore. And so we're shutting it. I've taken the decision to shut it down. I'm not happy. I'm not enjoying it. I dunno if he did actually walk away, but he said, he said, he said he was going to and, and I took one look at that and I thought, look, the reality of this is.

You were in the right place, right time during Covid when your social media following exploded overnight, and you were able to launch a cohort and monetize [00:48:00] that and make a bunch of money Good on you. Like if you can do that, fantastic. But that's just the house of cards with no foundation whatsoever.

This, this person spent too much money to build their, to, to, they spent too much money on hiring. They, they, they, they built their team way too fast, way beyond what the business itself could actually eat. Could actually afford. And so what happened to so many people in the aftermath was that they reality that they were, they were just burdened with this huge wage, this huge salary cost, all this software tools.

They were spending a bunch of money on lifestyle or whatever. And as soon as the, the kind of covid Covid bubble dipped and people stopped spending so much time and money on online courses, and they suddenly reality that they were, you know, they were making 2 million in a year. And spending 2 million and they were desperately trying to get back to where they were, but they, they couldn't, 'cause they didn't have any of the fundamentals in place.

They didn't know how to find customers, they didn't know how to spend money on paid advertising, didn't have a funnel that worked to cold traffic. Yeah. All of these things. And so this was a business that kind of was, was like died for, for, for no reason other than it wasn't run by people who understood online business and how to do these things properly.

It is a big deal and, and you know, [00:49:00] now as AI is just pulling the rug out of. You know, from, from underneath the feet of so many online course businesses in particular, like those, those businesses that have the fundamentals are gonna be able to adapt 'cause they understand what's going on. They want people who dunno their numbers, don't understand how their businesses are working from a, from a structural perspective are gonna gonna struggle to adapt because accurately diagnosed what's going on.

Chenell Basilio: So, good. Mic drop.

Olly Richards: I hope not. It's

Chenell Basilio: so true though.

Olly Richards: Mm-hmm.

Chenell Basilio: Um, this is great. This has been amazing. Definitely went in in ways I was not expecting and I'm grateful for that.

Olly Richards: So that's what I tried to do with my newsletter as well. Yeah, exactly. Yeah, exactly.

Chenell Basilio: So, um, yeah, I mean, thank you for coming on the podcast and if somebody wants to join your newsletter or follow you or do anything else like that, where should they head to?

Olly Richards: Sure. Well, thanks for the invitation. It's been. Super fun. Um, yeah, you can go to ollie ridges.co, um, not.com, dot co. And um, everything's there. My case study is there. It's all free. You can also find me [00:50:00] on, uh, on YouTube, but you'll have to find my business channel because whenever you search my name, that's what you'll find.

But the business channel's there and, um, yeah, Ollie ridges.co is the way you can find all this stuff. Anyway.

Chenell Basilio: Amazing. And we'll have all of that linked below as well. Mm-hmm. So you can go find it there. But thank you so much for coming on the show, Olly, this was great. Pleasure. Thanks Olly. Anytime. Thank you.

How He Turned a Free Google Doc into $1.2M + 18,000 Newsletter Subscribers
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